Explain it out loud to a real or imagined learner

Actually say the explanation aloud, to a person, a pet, or an empty chair.

Why it works

Speaking an explanation forces continuous, complete production — you cannot skip the hard joints the way silent reading lets you. Voicing it to an audience, even an imagined one, makes you translate jargon into plain language, which requires genuine understanding rather than recognition of the original words.

How to do it

1. Close the material and explain the topic aloud as if to a curious beginner.
2. Use plain words; if you fall back on jargon, define it on the spot.
3. Mark every place you stumble or hand-wave as a spot to restudy.

Evidence

Learning-by-teaching and self-explanation studies find that explaining material aloud, including to peers, improves the explainer’s own comprehension and retention, often more than restudying for the same time. (rct)

Benefits are largest when the explanation is generated from memory and aimed at being understood; reading notes aloud verbatim does not capture the effect.

Common mistake

Reading your notes aloud and calling it teaching, which keeps the source in front of you and skips the generation that makes explaining work.