Coaching practices for The Testing Effect Why Retrieval Practice Beats Restudying During a Big Change

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Does this sound like the set of challenges you might be facing?

  • I save up all my testing for one big nerve-wracking exam at the end, and the pressure of that single shot makes me freeze
  • I learn something and feel like I’ve got it, then a week later it’s just gone
  • I cram everything the night before and it’s all there for the exam, then a week later it’s gone like I never studied
  • I dive straight into new material cold and it washes over me without anything to grab onto
  • I reread my notes and highlight until it all looks familiar and I feel ready, but the second I have to produce the answer without looking, my mind goes blank

Practices that may help

  1. The Testing Effect: Why Retrieval Practice Beats Restudying
    The testing effect (also called the retrieval practice effect) is one of the most replicated findings in memory research: retrieving information from memory — through testing, quizzing, or free recall — produces stronger and more durable retention than spending the same time restudying the material. Roediger and Karpicke’s (2006) experiments showed that a test-only group outperformed a restudy-only group by a large margin on a one-week delayed test.
  2. Use frequent low-stakes quizzes rather than rare high-stakes tests
    Regular short quizzes — even without grades — produce more retention than equivalent time spent reviewing.
    The Testing Effect: Why Retrieval Practice Beats Restudying
  3. Space retrieval attempts across increasing intervals
    Test yourself on a topic after a delay, then again after a longer delay — the effort of retrieval at the edge of forgetting makes the memory strongest.
    The Testing Effect: Why Retrieval Practice Beats Restudying
  4. Space retrieval attempts at expanding intervals
    Test yourself on material at 1 day, 3 days, and 1 week — not all in the same session.
    Active Recall: The Most Effective Way to Study
  5. Attempt to recall before studying new material
    Try to answer questions about material before you’ve studied it — the attempt, even when wrong, enhances retention of the correct answer when it comes.
    The Testing Effect: Why Retrieval Practice Beats Restudying
  6. Active Recall: The Most Effective Way to Study
    Active recall means retrieving information from memory — through self-quizzing, flashcards, or blank-page recall — rather than passively rereading it. The testing effect (also called the retrieval practice effect) is one of the most replicated findings in cognitive psychology: retrieving a memory makes it more retrievable in the future, far more so than re-reading the same material. The effect generalizes across ages, content types, and populations.
  7. Add the difficulty of testing
    Make yourself retrieve the answer instead of rereading it.
    Desirable Difficulties: When Harder Means Better Learning
  8. Recite: self-test from cue questions before re-reading
    Cover your main notes and attempt to answer each cue question from memory before uncovering the answers.
    Cornell Note-Taking: A System for Learning, Not Just Recording
  9. Apply retrieval practice regardless of your preferred modality
    Testing yourself works for everyone — not just "reading-writing" learners.
    The Learning Styles Myth: What the Research Actually Says
  10. Interleave retrieval across multiple topics in one session
    Practice retrieval from several different topics in the same session, not one topic per session.
    Active Recall: The Most Effective Way to Study

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