Coaching practices for How to Evaluate Evidence Fairly

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Does this sound like the set of challenges you might be facing?

  • A flimsy study that confirms what I want I’ll wave straight through, but a solid one that contradicts me I’ll pick apart for hours
  • I’m leaning hard on the evidence that lines up with what I want to be true and brushing off the rest
  • I start "researching" a question but I notice I’m really just typing in searches that hand me the answer I already wanted
  • I want to know whether the evidence actually changed my mind or just confirmed where I already landed
  • Someone stated something with total confidence and I just nodded and built on it

Practices that may help

  1. Apply the same evidence standard regardless of whether you like the conclusion
    Grade the evidence before you know which conclusion it supports.
    Motivated Reasoning
  2. Evaluate evidence by its likelihood ratio, not by how it makes you feel
    Ask how much more likely this evidence would be if you’re right versus if you’re wrong.
    Bayesian Thinking: How to Update Beliefs Rationally
  3. Structure the analysis before searching for evidence
    Define what you’re looking for and what would count as evidence before starting your search.
    Confirmation Bias: Seeing What You Expect to See
  4. State your prior probability before seeing the evidence
    Before looking at any data, commit to a numerical estimate of how likely something is.
    Bayesian Thinking: How to Update Beliefs Rationally
  5. Probe for evidence behind claims
    Ask "what evidence supports that?" before accepting any factual or evaluative claim.
    Socratic Questioning
  6. Examine the evidence for and against
    Systematically list what supports your interpretation and what doesn’t — like a fair-minded lawyer, not a prosecutor.
    Check the Facts, Made Practical
  7. Apply the double-standard check: would I accept this reasoning if it pointed the other way?
    Test whether you are holding your team’s arguments to a lower bar than the other side’s.
    The Scout Mindset
  8. Specify what would falsify your belief before you look at evidence
    Write down what evidence would prove you wrong before you go looking.
    Falsification Thinking
  9. Update beliefs by degrees, not wholesale
    Treat new information as evidence that shifts probabilities, not as proof that changes everything.
    Base-Rate Neglect: Why We Ignore the Odds
  10. Examine the evidence for and against the thought
    Treat the thought as a hypothesis and find the actual evidence on both sides.
    Cognitive Restructuring: The CBT Method for Changing Unhelpful Thoughts

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