What Does High Cognitive Load Mean? 10 Coaching Practices to Try

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Practices that may help

  1. Cognitive Load Theory: Learning Within Working Memory Limits
    Cognitive Load Theory, developed by John Sweller, explains that learning is bottlenecked by working memory, which can hold roughly 4–7 items simultaneously. It distinguishes load that is intrinsic to the material, extraneous load created by poor presentation, and germane load from schema-building. Effective learning and instruction minimize extraneous load and direct the freed capacity toward genuine understanding.
  2. Adjust how many interacting elements you introduce at once
    Introduce concepts with high element interactivity only after prerequisite elements are automated.
    The Expertise Reversal Effect: When Help Becomes Harmful
  3. Strip extraneous cognitive load from learning materials
    Remove every element in your environment or materials that consumes attention without teaching anything.
    Working Memory: How Your Brain Holds Thoughts in Play
  4. Sequence from low to high element interactivity
    Start with elements that can be understood in isolation before introducing elements that must be understood together.
    Cognitive Load Theory: Learning Within Working Memory Limits
  5. Remove information that can be inferred once the concept is known
    Once a learner can process information independently, adding redundant support actually increases load rather than reduces it.
    Cognitive Load Theory: Learning Within Working Memory Limits
  6. Eliminate split-attention effects
    Keep physically or conceptually related information together so learners don’t pay a working memory tax to integrate them.
    Cognitive Load Theory: Learning Within Working Memory Limits
  7. Chunk related elements before presenting sequences
    Group tightly related pieces of information into single named units before teaching the steps that connect them.
    Cognitive Load Theory: Learning Within Working Memory Limits
  8. Reduce techno-complexity by limiting new tool adoption
    Before adopting any new technology at work, evaluate whether it actually reduces or just redistributes cognitive load.
    Technostress: What It Is and How to Manage It
  9. Recognize which decisions to defer or delegate
    Not every choice deserves your cognitive best — identify which ones merit serious deliberation.
    Choice Overload, Made Practical
  10. Limit the number of novel items per session
    Introduce no more than 5–7 genuinely new concepts in a single learning session.
    Chunking: How to Learn More by Grouping Better

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