Rest in the equanimity of the fourth jhāna
Let even pleasure fall away into a bright, even stillness that leans neither toward pleasant nor unpleasant.
Por que funciona
The fourth jhāna comes “with the giving up of pleasure and pain,” “without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness” (SN 45.8); AN 5.28 pictures it as someone sitting wrapped head to foot in a white cloth. Upekkhā here is not indifference but an evenness that no longer leans toward the pleasant. In MN 39 this is the point at which the mind, “purified, bright, flawless … pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable,” is extended toward knowledge — so in the discourses fourth-jhāna equanimity is a clear, usable stability, not a blank.
Como fazer
- Within the third jhāna, notice that even the quiet happiness is a kind of movement.
- Let interest in pleasure itself relax, and rest in the evenness that remains.
- Keep checking for brightness: is awareness clear and present, or fading?
- If awareness is fading or dreamy, open the eyes slightly or brighten attention on the object before continuing.
- Afterwards, notice how the mind feels as you return to ordinary activity — steadier, flatter, or unchanged.
Evidência
The definition and similes are canonical (SN 45.8, AN 5.28), and MN 39 describes the fourth jhāna as the base for directing the mind toward knowledge. The support is textual and practitioner-based; recent neuroscience has begun to describe absorption states in case studies but has not established what is distinctive about this one. (anecdotal)
Very still states are easy to misread from the inside; practitioners report difficulty telling fourth-jhāna equanimity from dullness without guidance.
Fontes
- Sujato, B. (trans.). With Five Factors (Pañcaṅgikasutta, Aṅguttara Nikāya 5.28). SuttaCentral.
- Sujato, B. (trans.). The Longer Discourse at Assapura (Mahāassapurasutta, Majjhima Nikāya 39). SuttaCentral.
Erro comum
Mistaking a dull, blank or sleepy stillness for the fourth jhāna — the texts describe it as bright and fully mindful; if awareness is fading, that is closer to sinking than to equanimity.
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Mais práticas para The Jhānas: The Four Stages of Meditative Absorption
- Treat the fading of the hindrances as the doorway
Absorption starts less with adding something special than with noticing the five hindrances quieten — and the gladness that follows.
- Recognise access concentration and stop pushing past it
Learn the bright, steady state just before absorption — and stop adding effort once you are there.
- Let a pleasant sensation grow into the first jhāna
From access concentration, rest attention on a pleasant feeling and allow it — without forcing — to build into rapture and happiness.
- Move into the second and third jhānas by letting factors fall away
Deepen not by adding but by releasing — first the effort of holding attention, then the excitement of rapture.
- Know which depth of jhāna you are being taught
Identify whether your teacher or book means the lighter “sutta” jhānas or the far deeper Visuddhimagga absorptions — and measure yourself by one map.
- Emerge deliberately and review the jhāna factors
Come out of absorption slowly, then look back at which factors were present, what led in, and what ended it.
- Use jhāna as a basis for insight, not an end in itself
Turn the steady, unified mind of absorption back on the absorption itself and see it as changing and not-self.
- Learn deep absorption with a teacher — and know the difficulties
Deep concentration is traditionally learned within a teacher relationship, and intensive practice can bring unexpected experiences that are better met with support.
Conceitos relacionados
- Meditação Kasina: Concentração Através de um Objeto Físico
Prática clássica de concentração Theravada — o objeto, o nimitta, e o caminho para a absorção
- Shamatha: A Prática Budista da Permanência Tranquila
Treinar a mente para repousar: os nove estágios e seus paralelos neurológicos modernos
- Os Cinco Obstáculos: Diagnosticando e Trabalhando com Obstáculos da Meditação
Nomeie o obstáculo com precisão — depois aplique o antídoto específico
- Satipaṭṭhāna: The Four Foundations of Mindfulness
The discourse that modern mindfulness grew from, practised the way the text lays it out