What is Self-Affirmation Theory? 10 Coaching Practices to Try

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Practices that may help

  1. Self-Affirmation Theory, Made Practical
    Claude Steele’s self-affirmation theory holds that people protect their sense of moral adequacy by reflecting on values that are genuinely important to them — and that doing so reduces defensive reactions to threats. The evidence for reducing defensiveness and improving openness to threatening information is solid; claims that brief affirmations broadly raise achievement are more contested.
  2. Use affirmation of values, not affirmation of ability
    Affirm that you are a good person with important values — not that you are good at the specific thing you are anxious about.
    Self-Affirmation Theory, Made Practical
  3. Use values affirmation to counter stereotype threat
    When your social identity is under threat, a brief values reflection can protect performance.
    Self-Affirmation Theory, Made Practical
  4. Use value-based self-affirmation before threatening evaluations
    Before a threatening evaluation, write for 10 minutes about a value that matters to you — unrelated to the domain being evaluated.
    Power Posing Revisited
  5. Write about a value that matters to you
    Before a stressful or threatening situation, spend five minutes writing about a value that is genuinely important to you.
    Self-Affirmation Theory, Made Practical
  6. Self-Verification Theory, Made Practical
    Self-verification theory holds that people actively seek feedback confirming their existing self-concept — even if that concept is negative — because predictability feels safer than accurate praise that destabilizes who they think they are. Changing requires more than new information; it requires updating the self-concept itself.
  7. Map your value hierarchy
    Rank what you most value so you can draw on the strongest affirmation when you need it.
    Self-Affirmation Theory, Made Practical
  8. Affirmations
    Repeat chosen statements about who you are and what you’re committed to.
    The Miracle Morning, Made Practical
  9. Affirm genuine strengths and effort
    Notice and name real strengths the person brings — not empty praise.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  10. Affirm a core value before a high-stakes decision
    Briefly reflecting on what matters most to you before a decision increases the chance you act consistently with it.
    Identity Priming, Made Practical

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