How to Utilize Motivational Interviewing: 10 Evidence-Based Coaching Practices

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Practices that may help

  1. Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
    Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative conversation style that strengthens a person’s own motivation for change by drawing out their reasons rather than supplying them. Meta-analyses find small-to-moderate effects across health behaviors — modest on average, but reliably better than confrontational or advice-giving styles, which can backfire.
  2. Develop discrepancy between values and behavior
    Gently hold up the gap between what the person wants and what they’re doing.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  3. Share advice with permission (ask–offer–ask)
    Ask what they know, offer information with consent, then ask what they make of it.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  4. Prime identity before the ask — "what kind of person are you?"
    Invite the person to describe who they are in terms that align with the behavior you’re requesting.
    Pre-Suasion, Made Practical
  5. Evoke change talk instead of supplying it
    Ask questions that lead the person to voice their own reasons for changing.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  6. Scale importance and confidence with the readiness ruler
    Ask “On a 0–10 scale, how ready are you?” — then ask why not lower.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  7. Use OARS to make the person feel understood
    Open questions, Affirmations, Reflections, Summaries — the four core micro-skills.
    Motivational Interviewing, Made Practical
  8. Close with "What was most useful for you?"
    The closing question turns the conversation into a learning that sticks — and teaches you what is actually valuable.
    The Coaching Habit: Seven Questions to Be More Coach-Like
  9. Diagnose whether you are stuck on expectancy or value
    Before trying to motivate yourself, identify which of the two factors is actually low.
    Expectancy-Value Theory: Why You Try (or Don’t)
  10. Surf motivation waves rather than engineering baseline motivation
    Motivation is unreliable and peaks are temporary — use high-motivation moments to redesign prompts and ability, not just to behave better.
    The Fogg Behavior Model, Made Practical

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